
When bacteria are present in the body, a bacterial infection may occur. If the immune system in the body is able to destroy the bacteria before it can multiply or spread, then the infection disappears. If the immune system is not able to do so, then an infectious disease is created. Antibiotics work by either killing the bacteria or preventing the bacteria from multiplying or spreading.
Penicillin was the first major antibiotic, discovered in 1929 by Alexander Fleming.
This happens when the same antibiotic is prescribed several times to the same patient. Genetic mutations can cause some bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics. Other ways in which bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics are alterations in the bacterial target enzyme or changes in the ability of the drug to accumulate in or on the bacteria.
It is important for a patient to finish the entire course of treatment unless otherwise instructed by a doctor. Failure to complete the course of antibiotics may allow more resistant bacteria to grow and create a more serious form of illness.
Different antibiotics may have different side effects. Some common antibiotic side effects include upset stomach, rash, dizziness, or "ringing" in the ears. Contact your doctor if you are concerned about the side effects associated with antibiotics.
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