
Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder most often caused by trisomy 21. A trisomy occurs when a child is born with an extra chromosome.
Children born with Down syndrome tend to suffer from a delay in both physical and mental development. The condition is characterized by a physical appearance consisting of a small head with a flat face, large tongue and short nose. Other physical abnormalities affect the hands and possibly the heart.
Children born with Down syndrome have an increased risk of developing leukemia and heart disease. If such complications arise, the Down syndrome child may not reach adulthood. Otherwise healthy Down syndrome children tend to deteriorate in their 30s, but some may live much longer. There is no cure for Down syndrome; however, the condition may be detected before birth.
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